In the case of the Grandes Eaux – when all the fountains played to their maximum – more than 10,000 m3 of water was needed for one afternoon's display. The idea was revived by Louis XV with a new design by Ange-Jacques Gabriel in 1748, but this also was temporarily put aside. [108], Accordingly, the silver balustrade, which contained in excess of one ton of silver, cost in excess of 560,000 livres. Additionally, this project, which took over seven years to achieve,has required several hundred kilograms of silver and gold to complete. Home; Collections; About; Versailles - La Salle du Jeu de Paume Anon. Nolhac, an ardent archivist and scholar, began to piece together the history of Versailles, and subsequently established the criteria for restoration of the château and preservation of the gardens, which are ongoing to this day. Engendered by a change in outlook as advocated by Jean-Jacques Rousseau and the Philosophes, the winter of 1774–1775 witnessed a complete replanting of the gardens. Download (Image (JPEG), 394kB) Abstract. 1693, "La Salle de bal" by Jean Cotelle, ca. 1. "Commentaires anglais du XVIIe siècle sur le parc de Versailles. With the construction of the Aile des Nobles (1685–1686), the Parterre du Nord was remodeled to respond to the new architecture of this part of the château. Tour directions for the official guides have survived; they are discussed by Robert W. Berger and Thomas P. Hedin, For the relation of the imagery of the garden and the decor of the, Period sources include: (Anonymous, 1685); (Dangeau, 1854-60); (Félibien, 1703); (, The Clagny pond, which was located near the, Last edited on 19 December 2020, at 21:10, Public Establishment of the Palace, Museum and National Estate of Versailles, "Versailles / Les bosquets : scènes du pouvoir", scan of Perrault's book at the Bibliothèque nationale de France, "Mazes and Labyrinths: Chapter XIV. During the reign of Louis XVI, Hubert Robert remodeled the bosquet, creating a cave-like setting for the Marsy statues. The following year, construction began on the Salle de Bal. Jump to navigation Jump to search. An estimate in 2000 placed the amount spent during the Ancien Régime as US$2 billion,[113] this figure being, in all probability, an under-evaluation. With the arrival of Pierre de Nolhac as director of the museum in 1892, a new era of historical research began at Versailles. Replenishment of the water lost due to evaporation comes from rainwater, which is collected in cisterns that are located throughout the gardens and diverted to the reservoirs and the Grand Canal. The palace has also been a site of historical importance. [a][4][6][7], Louis XIV first visited the château on a hunting trip in 1651 at the age of twelve, but returned only occasionally until his marriage to Maria Theresa of Spain in 1660 and the death of Cardinal Mazarin in 1661, after which he suddenly acquired a passion for the site. ", Hedin, Thomas. The link between Ovid's story and this episode from French history is emphasized by the reference to "mud slinging" in a political context. (Berger I, 1985; Friedman, 1988,1993; Hedin, 1981–1982; Marie, 1968; Nolhac, 1901; Thompson, 2006; Verlet, 1961, 1985; Weber, 1981), One of the distinguishing features of the gardens during the second building campaign was the proliferation of bosquets. [33], During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871, the Palace was occupied by the general staff of the victorious German Army. 1693, "Bosquet de l'Arc de Triomphe-vue depuis la Salle basse" by Jean Cotelle, ca. Between 1668 and 1674, a project was undertaken to divert the water of the Bièvre river to Versailles. [16] Forming a transitional element from the château to the gardens below and placed on the north–south axis of the gardens, the Parterre d'Eau provided a setting in which the imagery and symbolism of the decors of the grands appartements synthesized with the iconography of the gardens. Salle de Bal The sculptor Augustin Pajou added statuary and reliefs to complete the decoration. Despite the fact that the gardens consumed more water per day than the entire city of Paris, the Machine de Marly remained in operation until 1817 (Thompson, 2006). The French Revolution of 1830 brought a new monarch, Louis-Philippe to power, and a new ambition for Versailles. These improvements increased the water capacity to nearly 3,000 m3 of water per day; however, the increased capacity of the Grande Pompe often left the Clagny pond dry (Thompson, 2006). Other resolutions: 320 × 151 pixels | 640 × 302 pixels | 1,024 × 483 pixels | 1,280 × 604 … 1693, "Bosquet des Bains d'Apollon" by Pierre-Denis Martin (Martin le Jeune), ca. Both Louis XV and Louis XVI continued to use the bedroom for their official awakening and going to bed. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. The central island was replaced by a large basin raised on five steps, which was surrounded by a canal. Some of the early groves were altered beyond recognition by later monarchs, but the most famous bosquets, Le Nôtre's Salle de Bal (literally, "ballroom"), also known as the Bosquet des Rocailles (c. 1685), and Hardouin-Mansart's Bosquet de la Colonnade, have both been restored to the way they were under Louis XIV. Beyond the surrounding belt of woodland, the gardens are bordered by the urban areas of Versailles to the east and Le Chesnay to the north-east, by the National Arboretum de Chèvreloup to the north, the Versailles plain (a protected wildlife preserve) to the west, and by the Satory Forest to the south. Full Front (DOP backlog project) Verso (DOP backlog project) Object Details. The Salle de Bal was inaugurated in 1685 with a ball hosted by the Grand Dauphin. After the addition of the Hall of Mirrors (1678–1684) the king's apartment was reduced to five rooms (until the reign of Louis XV, when two more rooms were added) and the queen's to four. [12], In 1670, Le Vau added a new pavilion northwest of the chateau, called the Trianon, for the King's relaxation in the hot summers. [46] Water from the pond was pumped to the reservoir on top of the Grotte de Thétys, which fed the fountains in the garden by means of gravitational hydraulics. The new Opera was inaugurated on May 16, 1770, as part of the celebration of the royal wedding. [73], The Latona Fountain underwent a major renovation between 2012 and 2015, which required the removal of its statuary, marble fittings, and lead pipe network for off-site restoration. This system brought an additional 72,000 m3 of water to the gardens (Thompson, 2006). Some were highly formal, like Hardouin-Mansart's Bosquet de la Colonnade, with a circle of columns alternating with fountains, while others imitated nature. Construction was begun by Hardouin-Mansart in 1699, and was completed by de Corte. In 1674, as a result of a series of diplomatic arrangements that benefited Louis XIV, the king ordered the construction of Petite Venise (Little Venice). The grands appartements (Grand Apartments, also referred to as the State Apartments[50]) include the grand appartement du roi and the grand appartement de la reine. The construction of the room began in 1678 and finished in 1684. The fountains survived the modifications that Louis XIV ordered for other fountains in the gardens in the early 18th century and were subsequently spared during the 1774–1775 replantation of the gardens. The Dragon Fountain is one of the oldest at Versailles and has the highest jet of water, twenty-seven meters. In 1687, he replaced it with the Grand Trianon, a larger and more classical pavilion designed by Mansart, with a terrace and walls faced with different colored slabs of marble. (Loach, 1985) In 1669, Charles Perrault – author of the Mother Goose Tales – advised Louis XIV to remodel the Labyrinthe in such a way as to serve the Dauphin's education (Perrault, 1669). As with the Bosquet des Trois Fontaines, this bosquet survived the modifications of the 18th century, but was replanted in 1830 at which time the fountains were removed. L'Echo du Rocher. 336–339; Maral 2010, pp. The military operation which suppressed the Commune at the end of May was directed from Versailles, and the prisoners of the Commune were marched there and put on trial in military courts. The Neptune Fountain was originally decorated only with a circle of large lead basins jetting water; Louis XV added statues of Neptune, Triton and other gods of the sea. The centerpiece is an enormous sculpted medallion of Louis XIV, on horseback, crossing the Rhine in 1672, created by Antoine Coysevox. Jump to navigation Jump to search. Interspersed with gilt lead torchères, which supported candelabra for illumination, the Salle de Bal was inaugurated in 1683 by Louis XIV's son, the Grand Dauphin, with a dance party. This presented the daunting problem to Louis XIV's engineers of how to transport water uphill over such a distance. Salle de Constantine Giclee Print by Horace Vernet. However, owing to leakage in the conduits and breakdowns of the mechanism, the machine was only able to deliver 3,200 m3 of water per day – approximately one-half the expected output. Records indicate that late in the decade Claude Mollet and Hilaire Masson designed the gardens, which remained relatively unchanged until the expansion ordered under Louis XIV in the 1660s. Charles Le Brun painted thirty scenes of the early reign of Louis XIV on the ceiling. Its formal title is the Public Establishment of the Palace, Museum and National Estate of Versailles Since 1995, it has been run as a Public Establishment, with an independent administration and management supervised by the French Ministry of Culture. [72] The four tiers are covered in 230 pieces of marble, composed of the white and grey-veined Cararra, greenish marble from Campan, and red marble from Languedoc. [109], In 1667, the name of the enterprise was changed to the Manufacture royale des Meubles de la Couronne. As part of the reorganization of the garden that was ordered by Louis XIV in the early part of the 18th century, the Apollo grouping was moved once again to the site of the Bosquet du Marais – located near the Latona Fountain – which was destroyed and was replaced by the new Bosquet des Bains d'Apollon. 1688, "Le théâtre d'eau-vue de a scène" by Jean Cotelle, ca. The king's State Apartment consisted of an enfilade of seven rooms, each dedicated to one of the known planets and their associated titular Roman deity. File:Zaal met schilderijen in het paleis van Versailles Salle de la Smala (titel op object) Imperial Residences (serietitel), RP-F-F05319.jpg. The celebrated bust of Louis XIV by Bernini made during the famous sculptor's visit to France in 1665, is on display here. [39], Starting in the 1950s, when the museum of Versailles was under the directorship of Gérald van der Kemp, the objective was to restore the palace to its state – or as close to it as possible – in 1789 when the royal family left the palace. In 1676, the Bassin des Sapins,[29] which was located north of the château below the Parterre du Nord and the Allée des Marmousets[30] was designed to form a topological pendant along the north–south axis with the Pièce d'eau des Suisses located at the base of the Satory hill south of the château. [84] Despite enormous investment in canals and machinery for hoisting water, Versailles never had sufficient water supply for its hundreds of fountains. Latona and her children, Apollo and Diana, being tormented with mud slung by Lycian peasants, who refused to let her and her children drink from their pond, appealed to Jupiter who responded by turning the Lycians into frogs. They were originally designed to be viewed from the terrace on the west side of the palace, and to create a grand perspective that reached to the horizon, illustrating the king's complete dominance over nature. Situated to the west of the palace, the gardens cover some 800 hectares of land, much of which is landscaped in the classic French formal garden style perfected here by André Le Nôtre. sfn error: no target: CITEREFLacaille2012pages_16-17 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFLacaille2012pages_18 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFLacaille2013page_13 (, Site of the Public Establishment of the Chateau of Versailles (en.chateauversailles.fr). [82] There was no fresh water tap above ground level until the reign of Louis XV, and even then it was limited to the King's private kitchen and his personal bathroom. In its place, an arboretum of exotic trees was planted as an English-styled garden. It was also used for large events, such as full-dress and masked balls. His spoon, fork, and knife were brought to him in a golden box. 60.9375 x 50.875 in. In 1704, three additional entrances to the Colonnade were added, which reduced the number of fountains from thirty-one to twenty-eight. In 1682, when the palace had become large enough, the king moved the entire royal court and the French government to Versailles. ", Hedin, Thomas. One of the most lavish was the banquet that he hosted for Queen Victoria in the Royal Opera of Versailles on August 25, 1855. Le Vau's design for the state apartments closely followed Italian models of the day, including the placement of the apartments on the main floor (the piano nobile, the next floor up from the ground level), a convention the architect borrowed from Italian palace design.[51]. [45], The Marble Court and facades of the first Chateau, embellished by Louis Le Vau (1661–68) and then Hardouin-Mansart in (1679–1681), Plan of the main floor (c. 1837, with north to the right), showing the Hall of Mirrors in red, the Hall of Battles in green, the Royal Chapel in yellow, and the Royal Opera in blue, The facade facing the garden, with the royal apartments and the Gallery of Mirrors between them[citation needed]. Daily services, wedding ceremonies, and baptisms were held in this chapel until 1789. Signed in ink, printed title, date and number 5/10 on a label affixed to the reverse of the flush-mount. The Palace of Versailles (/vɛərˈsaɪ, vɜːrˈsaɪ/ vair-SY, vur-SY;[1] French: Château de Versailles [ʃɑto d(ə) vɛʁsɑj] (listen)) was the principal royal residence of France from 1682, under Louis XIV, until the start of the French Revolution in 1789, under Louis XVI. The Peace of Paris (1783) was signed at Versailles, the Proclamation of the German Empire occurred in the vaunted Hall of Mirrors, and World War I was ended in the palace with the Treaty of Versailles, among many other events. [67], In October 1789, early in the French Revolution, the last banquet for the royal guardsmen was hosted by the King in the opera, before he departed for Paris. On the ground floor under the King's apartment was another apartment, the same size, designed for his private life, and decorated on the theme of Apollo, the Sun god, his personal emblem. [71], Another group of formal gardens is located on the north side of the water parterre. [15][16][17], Le Brun also supervised the design and installation of countless statues in the gardens. [40] After the war when Soviet authorities were restoring the palace, which had been gutted by the retreating Nazi forces, they recreated the silk fabrics by using preserved 18th-century remnants. The statues were installed on marble plinths from which water issued; and each statue grouping was protected by an intricately carved and gilded baldachin. During the Ancien Régime, the Grand Canal served as a venue for boating parties. While Venice in the 17th century had the monopoly on the manufacture of mirrors, Colbert succeeded in enticing a number of artisans from Venice to make the mirrors for Versailles. The Machine de Marly was designed to lift water from the Seine in three stages to the aqueduc de Louveciennes some 100 metres above the level of the river. ", Lighthart, Edward. Louis XV commissioned a bathroom to be built when he was thirteen years old - he would later build bathrooms supplied with plumbed-in hot and cold water. The empty buildings were turned into a storehouse for furnishings, art and libraries confiscated from the nobility. [72], Hardouin-Mansart designed a much grander fountain of four oval tiers forming a pyramid, topped by Gaspard Marsy's statue and enhanced all around with the semi-human figures of Balthazard Marsy and an assortment of gilded frogs and lizards sculpted by Claude Bertin. Trompe-l'œil paintings and sculpture around the ceiling illustrate mythological themes. Parts of the chateau, including the Gallery of Mirrors, were turned into a military hospital. Created in 1670, this bosquet originally contained a central rectangular pool surrounded by a turf border. Fennebresque, Juste. The capacity of the Pompe – 600 m3 of water per day – alleviated some of the water shortages in the garden (Thompson, 2006). Palace of Versailles Salle de 1792 Salle de 1792 France Europe Western Europe West Europe Versailles Palce of Versailles French Castle French Palace Castle Palace Chateau versailles Louis XIV Versailles Museum Versailles Domaine Royale chiefs of work royal palate royal family Louis XVI Chateau de versailles … Grotte des Bains d'Apollon, contemporary view. (Marie 1968; Nolhac 1901, 1925; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985), Above and beyond the decorative and festive aspects of this garden feature, the Grand Canal also served a practical role. [108], To counter the costs of Versailles during the early years of Louis XIV's personal reign, Colbert decided that Versailles should be the "showcase" of France. A crowd of several thousand men and women, protesting the high price and scarcity of bread, marched from the markets of Paris to Versailles. It is difficult – if not impossible – to give an accurate rate of exchange between 1682 and today. [21], After the death of Maria Theresa of Spain in 1683, Louis XIV undertook the enlargement and remodeling of the royal apartments in the original part of the palace, within the former hunting lodge built by his father. Located at the junction of the Grand Canal and the junction of the northern transversal branch, Little Venice housed the caravels and yachts that were received from The Netherlands and the gondolas and gondoliers received as gifts from the Doge of Venice, hence the name. Salle de Versailles A stunning Old World atmosphere is evoked with a foyer and ballroom that are embellished with hand-painted gold-leafed walls, Venetian-inspired murals, crystal chandeliers and marble floors. In 1750, the year in which les jardins botaniques were constructed, the Jardinier-Fleuriste, Claude Richard (1705–1784), assumed administration of the botanical gardens. 1693, "Bassin de Neptune" by Jean Cotelle, ca. [82] The aqueduct was intended to carry water by gravity from a high reservoir near the river, through the gardens of the Château de Maintenon, to Versailles. Ayers 2004,also includes 700 rooms. The palace was largely completed by the death of Louis XIV in 1715. The King wished a quiet place to relax away from the ceremony of the Court. Symbolically, the "Grotte de Thétys" related to the myth of Apollo – and by that association to Louis XIV. The queen's apartment formed a parallel enfilade with that of the grand appartement du roi. The revolts of the Fronde – the word fronde also means slingshot – have been regarded as the origin of the use of the term "mud slinging" in a political context. One of the most costly elements in the furnishing of the grands appartements during the early years of the personal reign of Louis XIV was the silver furniture, which can be taken as a standard – with other criteria – for determining a plausible cost for Versailles. Photographs. ), Bosquets of the gardens of Versailles: 17th-century views, Modern views of the gardens of Versailles, Berger, Robert W. "Les guides imprimés de Versailles sous Louis XIV et le œuvres d'art allégoriques. Beginning in 1684, the Parterre d'Eau was remodeled under the direction of Jules Hardouin-Mansart. American Friends of Museums in Israel Benefit Auction. Administered by the Public Establishment of the Palace, Museum and National Estate of Versailles, an autonomous public entity operating under the aegis of the French Ministry of Culture, the gardens are now one of the most visited public sites in France, receiving more than six million visitors a year. [43] Another major project was the further restoration of the backstage areas Royal Opera of Versailles, which was completed on 9 April 1957. [100][101][102] Following the November 2015 Paris attacks, President François Hollande gave a speech before a rare joint session of parliament at the Palace of Versailles. To avoid potential data charges from your carrier, we recommend making sure your device is connected to a Wi-Fi network before downloading. The eight-foot high silver throne was melted down in 1689 to help pay the costs of an expensive war, and was replaced by a more modest throne of gilded wood. [44] This involves restoring some of the parterres like the Parterre du Midi to their original formal layout, as they appeared under Le Nôtre. The old Bosquet des Bains d'Apollon was renamed Bosquet des Dômes due to two domed pavilions built in the bosquet (Marie 1968, 1972, 1976, 1984; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985). Statues from the Grande Commande of 1674 were relocated to other parts of the garden; two twin octagonal basins were constructed and decorated with bronze statues representing the four main rivers of France. In 1780, she built a small theater at the Petit Trianon. However, once Louis XIV began expanding the gardens with more and more fountains, supplying the gardens with water became a critical challenge. While the design used for the chambre du roi was, in fact, from the original design to decorate the chambre de la reine, it nevertheless represents a great achievement in the ongoing restoration at Versailles. Technically, the "'Grotte de Thétys" played a critical role in the hydraulic system that supplied water to the garden. Existing bosquets and parterres were expanded and new ones created. A simple hunting lodging and later a small château with a moat occupied the site until 1661, when the first work expanding the château into a palace was carried out for Louis XIV. The Salle de Bal was remodeled in 1707 when the central island was removed and an additional entrance was added (Marie 1968, 1972, 1976, 1984; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985). Initially, Versailles was planned to be an occasional residence for Louis XIV and was referred to as the "king's house". [62], The hall was originally furnished with solid silver furniture designed by Le Brun, but these furnishings were melted down in 1689 to help pay for war expenses. With a length of 1,500 metres and a width of 62 metres, the Grand Canal,[14] which was built between 1668 and 1671, physically and visually prolongs the east–west axis to the walls of the Grand Parc. Destroyed in 1752, the staircase was the entrance to the King's Apartments and was the official grand entrance into the Chateau, specifically intended to astonish and impress foreign dignitaries. During Louis XIV's reign, water supply systems represented one-third of the building costs of Versailles. Trip Planner; Things To Do; Tours; Itineraries; Hotels; Blog; Login; Sign Up; Log In; Versailles Tourism. The event, which officially was to celebrate his mother, Anne d'Autriche, and his consort Marie-Thérèse but in reality celebrated Louise de La Vallière, Louis' mistress, was held in May of that year. The central fountain contained 230 jets that, when in play, formed an obelisk – hence the new name Bosquet de l'Obélisque (Marie 1968, 1972, 1976, 1984; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985). From its conception, this fountain was conceived as an allegory of Louis XIV's victory over the Fronde. Most of the apartments of the palace were entirely demolished (in the main building, practically all of the apartments were annihilated, with only the apartments of the king and queen remaining almost intact), and turned into a series of several large rooms and galleries: the Coronation Room (whose original volume was left untouched by Louis-Philippe), which displays the celebrated painting of the coronation of Napoleon I by Jacques-Louis David; the Hall of Battles; commemorating French victories with large-scale paintings; and the 1830 room, which celebrated Louis-Philippe's own coming to power in the French Revolution of 1830. II. It is decorated today largely as it was under Napoleon and Louis-Philippe. The Gobelins were charged with all decoration needs of the palace, which was under the direction of Charles Le Brun.[109]. The apartments of the King were the heart of the chateau; they were in the same location as the rooms of Louis XIII, the creator of the chateau, on the first floor (second floor US style). 1670, Apollo's horses groomed by two Tritons by Gaspard and Balthazard Marsy, ca. Concurrently, in the Soviet Union (Russia since 26 December 1991), the restoration of the Pavlovsk Palace located 25 kilometers from the center of Leningrad – today's Saint Petersburg – brought the attention of French Ministry of Culture, including that of the curator of Versailles. Vacheron Constantin is the world’s oldest watch manufacturer in continuous production for over 260 years. 152.4 × 127 cm. Flanking the Royal Court are two enormous asymmetrical wings that result in a façade of 402 metres (1,319 ft) in length. Each lobe of the island contained simple fountain; access to the island was obtained by two swing bridges. The wood was painted to resemble marble, and the ceiling was decorated with a painting of the Apollo, the god of the arts, preparing crowns for illustrious artists, by Louis Jean-Jacques Durameau. [93], The character of the "piss boy" in Mel Brooks' film History of the World: Part 1 is based on a real job at the palace. In 1685, pressure on water supplies led Louis XIV to commission another aqueduct, the Canal de l'Eure, to transport water from the River Eure, 52 miles to the southwest. The Salon of Diana was used by Louis XIV as a billiards room, and had galleries from which courtiers could watch him play. It was turned into a concert room between 1684 and 1750, with galleries for musicians on either side. In addition to the Orangerie, the Escaliers des Cent Marches,[33] which facilitated access to the gardens from the south, to the Pièce d'Eau des Suisses, and to the Parterre du Midi[34] were constructed at this time, giving the gardens just south of the château their present configuration and decoration. Some paintings were brought from the Louvre, including works depicting events in French history by Philippe de Champaigne, Pierre Mignard, Laurent de La Hyre, Charles Le Brun, Adam Frans van der Meulen, Nicolas de Largillière, Hyacinthe Rigaud, Jean-Antoine Houdon, Jean-Marc Nattier, Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun, Hubert Robert, Thomas Lawrence, Jacques-Louis David, and Antoine-Jean Gros. From Sotheby's, Robert Polidori, Salle de Crimée Sud, (99) ANR.02.036, Salles de l'Afrique, Aile du Nord - 1er etage, Versailles, Digital chromogenic print… Situated at a low point in the gardens, it collected water it drained from the fountains in the garden above. Salle de la Smalah, Chateau de Versailles. See 9 photos and 1 tip from 105 visitors to Bosquet de la Salle de Bal. Owing to the nature of the construction of Versailles and the evolution of the role of the palace, construction costs were essentially a private matter. [63], The Royal Chapel, seen from the Royal Gallery, The Royal Chapel, the tallest building of the Palace, Glory holding a portrait of Louis XV, by Antoine Vassé, in the chapel vestibule, The chapel was the last building at Versailles to be completed during the reign of Louis XIV. 15 Oct 2009 London. Pumping capacity was increased via increased power and the number of pistons used for lifting the water. The project called not only for digging a canal and for the construction of an aqueduct, it also necessitated the construction of shipping channels and locks to supply the workers on the main canal. In 1722, when the King came of age, he moved his residence and the government back to Versailles, where it remained until the French Revolution in 1789. However, with an eye on economy, Louis XVI ordered the palissades – the labour-intensive clipped hedging that formed walls in the bosquets – to be replaced with rows of lime trees or chestnut trees. Located north and south of the east–west axis, these two bosquets were arranged as a series of paths around four salles de verdure and which converged on a central "room" that contained a fountain. Water from the Grand Canal was pumped back to the reservoir on the roof of the Grotte de Thétys via a network of windmill-powered and horse-powered pumps. Some are now decorated with contemporary works of art. [6], From this point forward, the expansion of the gardens of Versailles followed the expansions of the château. The bosquet was renamed the Grotte des Bains d'Apollon (Marie 1968, 1972, 1976, 1984; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985). (Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985), With the restoration of the Bourbons in 1814, the gardens of Versailles witnessed the first modifications since the Revolution. For everyone else, water was carried by a small army of water carriers to the upper floors, filling copper tanks in the private appartements of the courtiers. Excavated in 1678, the Pièce d'eau des Suisses[31] – named for the Swiss Guards who constructed the lake – occupied an area of marshes and ponds, some of which had been used to supply water for the fountains in the garden.