In 1793, the Convention declared the abolition of the monarchy, and ordered all of the royal property in the Palace to be sold at auction. Each bosquet had its own theme and fountains, statuary, grottoes, and other decoration. framed. Between 9,000–10,000 troops were pressed in service in 1685; the next year, more than 20,000 soldiers were engaged in construction. The project was revived and rushed ahead for the planned celebration of the marriage of the Dauphin, the future Louis XVI, and Marie-Antoinette. Between 1686 and 1689, when the Nine Years' War began, one-tenth of France's military was at work on the Canal de l'Eure project. Sensing the potential threat to Versailles, Louis Claude Marie Richard (1754–1821) – director of the jardins botaniques and grandson of Claude Richard – lobbied the government to save Versailles. Title: La Salle du Bal donne dans le petit Parc de Versailles Creator: Jean Le Pautre Date Created: 1678 Set or Series Title: The Fête of 1668, Versailles (Le Relation de la feste de Versailles du 18 Juillet 1668) Object Type: Prints, works of art Object Link: See this artwork on the Davison Art Center website Object Credit Line: Davison Art Center, Wesleyan University. [94], The largest part of the garden is divided into geometric bosquets, compartment-like groves; eight on the north side of the garden, and six to the south. "L'univers de Le Nostre et les origines de l'aménagement du territoire. The storm damage at Versailles and Trianon amounted to the loss of thousands of trees – the worst such damage in the history of Versailles. Bosquet du Théâtre d'Eau - Bosquet du Rond-Vert Existing bosquets and parterres were expanded and new ones created. Estimates of the amount spent to build Versailles are speculative. (Marie 1976; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985), With the departure of the king and court from Versailles in 1715 following the death of Louis XIV, the palace and gardens entered an era of uncertainty. 1693, "Parterre d'Eau" by Jean Cotelle, ca. [6] After Le Vau's death in 1670, the work was taken over and completed by his assistant François d'Orbay. In 1792, the Convention, the new revolutionary government, ordered the transfer of all the paintings and sculptures from the Palace to the Louvre. In 1685, the Machine de Marly came into full operation. Explore the chateau. [44] This involves restoring some of the parterres like the Parterre du Midi to their original formal layout, as they appeared under Le Nôtre. 1670, Apollo's horses groomed by two Tritons by Gaspard and Balthazard Marsy, ca. The façade of Louis XIII's original château is preserved on the entrance front. Accordingly, the Grandes Eaux were reserved for special occasions such as the Siamese Embassy of 1685–1686 (Hedin, 1992; Mercure Galant, 1685). (Nolhac 1899, 1902), The "Grotte de Thétys", which was located to the north of the château, formed part of the iconography of the château and of the gardens that aligned Louis XIV with solar imagery. ’92 Theater and purchase funds, 1970 Materials & … Salle de Constantine Giclee Print by Horace Vernet. The eastern facing palace has a U-shaped layout, with the corps de logis and symmetrical advancing secondary wings terminating with the Dufour Pavilion on the south and the Gabriel Pavilion to the north, creating an expansive cour d'honneur known as the Royal Court (Cour Royale). Had the aqueduct been completed, some 50,000 m3 of water would have been sent to Versailles – more than enough to solve the water problem of the gardens (Thompson, 2006). For everyone else, water was carried by a small army of water carriers to the upper floors, filling copper tanks in the private appartements of the courtiers. Between 1704 and 1709, bosquets were modified, some quite radically, with new names suggesting the new austerity that characterized the latter years of Louis XIV's reign. However, due to the expense of the King's continental wars, the project was put aside. Started in 1664 and finished in 1670 with the installation of the statuary by the Gilles Guérin, François Girardon, Thomas Regnaudin, Gaspard Marsy, and Balthazar Marsy, the grotto[11] formed an important symbolic and technical component to the gardens. The Queen made extensive changes to the interior, and added a theater, the Théâtre de la Reine. In 1750, the year in which les jardins botaniques were constructed, the Jardinier-Fleuriste, Claude Richard (1705–1784), assumed administration of the botanical gardens. Tour directions for the official guides have survived; they are discussed by Robert W. Berger and Thomas P. Hedin, For the relation of the imagery of the garden and the decor of the, Period sources include: (Anonymous, 1685); (Dangeau, 1854-60); (Félibien, 1703); (, The Clagny pond, which was located near the, Last edited on 19 December 2020, at 21:10, Public Establishment of the Palace, Museum and National Estate of Versailles, "Versailles / Les bosquets : scènes du pouvoir", scan of Perrault's book at the Bibliothèque nationale de France, "Mazes and Labyrinths: Chapter XIV. In 1704, three additional entrances to the Colonnade were added, which reduced the number of fountains from thirty-one to twenty-eight. 1693, "Parterre du Nord" by Étienne Allegrain, ca. Some of the palace furniture at this time was constructed of solid silver, but in 1689 much of it was melted down to pay for the cost of war. In the château, a suite of rooms was arranged for the use of the empress Marie-Louise, but the gardens were left unchanged, save for the disastrous felling trees in the Bosquet de l'Arc de Triomphe and the Bosquet des Trois Fontaines. Edition 2/10. A crowd of several thousand men and women, protesting the high price and scarcity of bread, marched from the markets of Paris to Versailles. In 1681, one of the most ambitious water projects conceived during the reign of Louis XIV was undertaken. However, owing to Venetian proprietary claims on the technology of mirror manufacture, the Venetian government ordered the assassination of the artisans to keep the secrets proprietary to the Venetian Republic. These improvements increased the water capacity to nearly 3,000 m3 of water per day; however, the increased capacity of the Grande Pompe often left the Clagny pond dry (Thompson, 2006). Salles de Crimée: - Salle de Crimée Sud Other rooms & halls: - Chapelle Royale - Opéra Royal - Vestibule haut de la Chapelle - Galerie haute de l'Aile Nord - Escalier des salles d'Afrique et Crimée AILE DU MIDI Ground Floor Salles Empire: -  Salle Marengo First Floor Musée de l'histoire de France: - Galerie de Batailles Other rooms and halles: - Escalier des Princes - Galerie haute de l'aile du midi - … "The evolution of the Parterre d'eau. 60 × 50 in. "Réflexions sur la genèse du jardin français classique et de son décor. As with the Bosquet des Trois Fontaines, this bosquet survived the modifications of the 18th century, but was replanted in 1830 at which time the fountains were removed. Excavated in 1678, the Pièce d'eau des Suisses[31] – named for the Swiss Guards who constructed the lake – occupied an area of marshes and ponds, some of which had been used to supply water for the fountains in the garden. [89] The suite was dismantled and covered over after the relationship ended in 1684. [69], Fountain of Latona, with the Grand Canal in the background. Between 1668 and 1674, a project was undertaken to divert the water of the Bièvre river to Versailles. As the only remnant of the rooms that Louis-Philippe devoted to the French Revolution, the 1792 Room offers the keys to understanding the king’s political and historic project. After the Revolution, the Trianon served as a residence for both Napoleon I and later for King Louis-Philippe when they visited Versailles. Rechristened Bosquet de la Reine, it would be in this part of the garden that an episode of the Affair of the Diamond Necklace, which compromised Marie-Antoinette, transpired in 1785 (Marie 1968, 1972, 1976, 1984; Perrault 1669; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985). In 1671, André Le Nôtre conceived a bosquet – originally christened Salle des Festins and later called Salle du Conseil – that featured a quatrefoil island surrounded by a channel that contained fifty water jets. Among the early projects was the repair of the roof over the Hall of Mirrors; the publicity campaign brought international attention to the plight of post-war Versailles and garnered much foreign money including a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation. Under the direction of Jules Hardouin-Mansart, the bosquet was completely remodeled in 1706. The new theater was completed in time for the celebration of the wedding of the Dauphin, the future Louis XVI, and Archduchess Marie Antoinette of Austria. In 1682, the southern bosquet was remodeled as the Bosquet de la Girondole, thus named due to spoke-like arrangement of the central fountain. The Topiary Labyrinth, or Hedge Maze", "Ahae à Versailles, le privilège de l'argent", "Un jardin contemporain pour le bosquet du théâtre d'eau", "Bosquet du Théâtre d'Eau – Château de Versailles", "France's aristocratic gardens weave a pathway from present to past", "A Little Chaos masks the true story of Versailles' incredible gardens", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gardens_of_Versailles&oldid=995215029, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, "View of the Bassin de Laoton, 1678" engraving by, "View of the Bassin d'Apollon" engraving by, "View of the garden facade from the Basin de Latone" by, 5.57 km Grand Canal (circumference; surface area 23 ha. In 1685, pressure on water supplies led Louis XIV to commission another aqueduct, the Canal de l'Eure, to transport water from the River Eure, 52 miles to the southwest. The Salon of Apollo was the royal throne room under Louis XIV, and was the setting for formal audiences. One of the most lavish was the banquet that he hosted for Queen Victoria in the Royal Opera of Versailles on August 25, 1855. 0 faves This was achieved in the Parterre de Latone in 2013, when the 19th century lawns and flower beds were torn up and replaced with boxwood-enclosed turf and gravel paths to create a formal arabesque design. By 1664, increased demand for water necessitated additional sources. During the reign of Louis XV, the only significant addition to the gardens was the completion of the Bassin de Neptune (1738–1741). She was at the Petit Trianon in July 1789 when she first heard the news from Paris of the storming of the Bastille and the beginning of the French Revolution. The Palace of Versailles (/ vɛərˈsaɪ, vɜːrˈsaɪ / vair-SY, vur-SY; French: Château de Versailles [ʃɑto d (ə) vɛʁsɑj] (listen)) was the principal royal residence of France from 1682, under Louis XIV, until the start of the French Revolution in 1789, under Louis XVI. Down a stairway from the Parterre d'Eau is the Latona Fountain, created in 1670, illustrating the story of Latona taken from the Metamorphoses of Ovid. Organe de l'Association Saint-Jean Baptiste de la Salle. Following the Franco-German War in 1871 and then the Paris Commune until 1875, the French National Assembly met in the opera, until the proclamation of the Third French Republic and the return of the government to Paris. For the extensive park around the palace, see, "Versailles" redirects here. Light was provided by candelabra on large gilded guerdirons lining the hall. Located west of the Parterre du Midi and south of the Latona Fountain, this bosquet, which was designed by Le Nôtre and built between 1681 and 1683, features a semi-circular cascade that forms the backdrop for this salle de verdure. [7] At every stage the prescribed tour was carefully managed, under the Sun King's directions. Salle de la Smalah, Chateau de Versailles. [30], When Napoleon Bonaparte became Emperor of the French in 1804, he considered making Versailles his residence, but abandoned the idea because of the cost of the renovation. Edging the pool were metal reeds that concealed numerous jets for water; a swan that had water jetting from its beak occupied each corner. (Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985), With the restoration of the Bourbons in 1814, the gardens of Versailles witnessed the first modifications since the Revolution. The Salon of Abundance was the antechamber to the Cabinet of Curios (now the Games Room), which displayed Louis XIV's collection of precious jewels and rare objects. The marvel of the gardens of Versailles – then as now – is the fountains. Salle de Versailles A stunning Old World atmosphere is evoked with a foyer and ballroom that are embellished with hand-painted gold-leafed walls, Venetian-inspired murals, crystal chandeliers and marble floors. During Louis XIV's reign, water supply systems represented one-third of the building costs of Versailles. While the decoration of the palace was costly, certain other costs were minimised. The fountains survived the modifications that Louis XIV ordered for other fountains in the gardens in the early 18th century and were subsequently spared during the 1774–1775 replantation of the gardens. The Salon of Diana was used by Louis XIV as a billiards room, and had galleries from which courtiers could watch him play. In that month, the government of the new Third French Republic, which had departed Paris during the War for Tours and then Bordeaux, moved into the Palace. As a result of this fête – particularly the lack of housing for guests (most of them had to sleep in their carriages), Louis realized the shortcomings of Versailles and began to expand the château and the gardens once again. [4] He was staying there in November 1630 during the event known as the Day of the Dupes, when the enemies of the King's chief minister, Cardinal Richelieu, aided by the King's mother, Marie de' Medici, tried to take over the government. However, owing to leakage in the conduits and breakdowns of the mechanism, the machine was only able to deliver 3,200 m3 of water per day – approximately one-half the expected output. At this time, the bosquet was rechristened Jardin du Roi (Marie 1968, 1972, 1976, 1984; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985). The twenty-four crystal chandeliers were hung only for special occasions. While much of the chateau's interior was irreparably altered to accommodate the Museum of the History of France dedicated to "all the glories of France" (inaugurated by Louis-Philippe on 10 June 1837), the gardens, by contrast, remained untouched. The War Salon commemorates the victorious campaign of Louis XIV against the Dutch, which ended in 1678. These two bosquets were first laid out in 1663. Beginning in 1684, the Parterre d'Eau was remodeled under the direction of Jules Hardouin-Mansart. Corresponding staircases known as the Escaliers des Cent Marches (so-called because each staircase has 100 steps) descend from above the east and west galleries to reach the level of the Orangerie. Ville de … [39] Citing repair and maintenance costs, Louis XVI ordered the Labyrinthe demolished in 1778. 85.1 x 108.9 cm. The features closest to the Palace are the two water parterres, large pools which reflect the façade of the palace. The water for the elaborate waterworks was conveyed from the Seine by the Machine de Marly.